Behind most card payments in Europe stand two American giants, Visa and Mastercard – a dependence recently thrust into the spotlight. After issuing an arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, several judges at the International Criminal Court were sanctioned by Washington, leaving them unable to use their bank cards – even on European soil.
This is the funniest statement I have read this month 😅
There is no such thing as money without the state, because it becomes money only because you have to pay taxes in it, otherwise it is at most a debt voucher or some form of speculative asset.
And aside from that, what do you think “sovereignty” refers to?
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Even then the gold was used to mint coins with a nominal value set by the state and it had to be used to pay taxes.
The gold content/value of these coins also often did not correspond to the nominal value, especially over time.
Not everything is nonsense, just because you lack the knowledge to understand it 😅
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Ok, since you did your research: Which state or civilization had no taxes and coinage?
You checked where?
And no, you are still wrong, because the taxes were still there, just slightly indirect. The states paid their soldiers and other employees in the coins the state produced and the peasants had to sell food and services to these soldiers with these coins, which is in effect a form of taxation.
If you want to actually educate yourself about money I recommend you read “Debt, the first 5000 years” by David Graeber.
You had the key word there, “were”. Now it’s all speculation all the way down.
I think he’s leaning towards the focus of control.