Thats not a naive question at all. You’re totally right. The term to learn about this is “rad-hardened computing”. It’s a solved problem, but the solution involves a buttload of redundancy and extra silicon with huge performance reductions compared to non-hardened tech.

It’s less of an issue if you’re in the shadow of the sun but still quite a big issue.

Back in the late 80’s we were calling “diskless” computers “dickless” computers. It was a different time, but the message is still correct.